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Weight LossMetabolic Health

Tirzepatide

First-in-class dual GIP/GLP-1 agonist for significant weight loss and glycemic control.

Overview

Tirzepatide is a synthetic peptide designed to modulate two key metabolic pathways simultaneously: the GIP (Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide) receptor and the GLP-1 (Glucagon-Like Peptide-1) receptor. Unlike traditional GLP-1 agonists that hit only one target, this 'twincretin' action provides superior regulation of appetite, glucose-dependent insulin secretion, and gastric emptying. It is engineered with a lipid moiety to allow for once-weekly administration.

Chemical Information

IUPAC Name
Synthetic peptide with C20 fatty diacid moiety
Sequence
Modified GIP sequence (39 amino acids)
Molecular Mass
~4813 Da
Formula
C225H348N48O68
Tirzepatide Chemical Structure

Mechanism of Action

Functions as a Dual GIP/GLP-1 Receptor Agonist. It integrates two complementary incretin signals: 1. GLP-1 Action: slows gastric emptying, reduces glucagon secretion, and promotes central satiety (fullness). 2. GIP Action: enhances insulin sensitivity and potentiates insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner. This dual mechanism leads to a 'robust metabolic control' superior to GLP-1 mono-agonists, resulting in massive weight loss (15-22%) and HbA1c reductions (-2.0% to -2.6%). It significantly reduces visceral fat and improves cardiovascular markers like triglycerides and blood pressure.

Potential Research Fields

ObesityType 2 DiabetesSleep Apnea (OSA)Cardiovascular RiskPCOS

Recent Research

Tirzepatide has redefined metabolic therapy through the SURMOUNT clinical program. In the landmark SURMOUNT-1 trial, it demonstrated unprecedented efficacy, achieving up to 22.5% body weight loss at 72 weeks, significantly outperforming traditional GLP-1 mono-agonists. Beyond weight loss, 2024 research (SURMOUNT-OSA) confirmed its ability to resolve Obstructive Sleep Apnea in nearly 50% of patients, reducing hypoxic events without the need for CPAP therapy. Furthermore, it shows profound promise for women's health; clinical data indicates it improves metabolic markers in patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and may reduce the risk of preeclampsia and gestational diabetes. Its dual inhibition of appetite and enhancement of insulin sensitivity also leads to rapid normalization of HbA1c (-2.0% to -2.6%) and cardiovascular risk factors like triglycerides and blood pressure.

Bibliography / Scientific References

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Peptide Information Guide
Administration Type
Injectable (Subcutaneous)

Injectable administration protocol for research.

Vial Strength
20mg40mg60mg80mg100mg
Reconstitution
Reconstitute with 2ml Physiological Solution (Saline)
Dosage Options
2.5 mg
Week 1-4
Initiation Dose. Vials available: 20/40/60/80/100mg. All use 2ml saline.
5.0 mg
Week 5-8
Step up dose.
7.5 mg
Week 9-12
Optional step up based on tolerance.
10 mg
Week 13-16
Therapeutic dose.
12.5 mg
Week 17-20
Step up dose.
15 mg
Week 21-24+
Maximum maintenance dose.
Schedule
1x Per Week
Timing: One specific day.
Duration
Continuous / Long-term
Potential Side Effects
Nausea
moderatevery common (titration phase)
Decreased Appetite
highvery common
Constipation/Diarrhea
moderatecommon
Research Use Only

This information is for research purposes only. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any peptide protocol. Individual responses may vary, and proper medical supervision is recommended for all peptide therapies.