LongevityCellular Health
SS-31 (Elamipretide)
Mitochondria-targeted peptide for cell protection and energy
Overview
SS-31 (Elamipretide/Bendavia) is a mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide that binds selectively to cardiolipin on the inner mitochondrial membrane. By stabilizing this critical lipid, it restores electron transport chain efficiency, reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS), and preserves ATP production under stress. It is a primary research tool for mitochondrial dysfunction, aging, and organ protection.
Chemical Information
IUPAC Name
D-Arg-2'6'-dimethylTyr-Lys-Phe-NH2
Sequence
D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2
Molecular Mass
639.8 g/mol
Formula
C32H49N9O5
Mechanism of Action
Functions as a cardiolipin stabilizer and mitochondrial bioenergetic enhancer. Uniquely, SS-31 penetrates the inner mitochondrial membrane to bind specifically with Cardiolipin (a phospholipid vital for membrane curvature). This binding 'fixes' structural defects in the Electron Transport Chain (ETC) caused by aging or injury, preventing 'electron leak' that generates harmful Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). By optimizing the physical structure of the ETC 'supercomplexes,' it restores efficient ATP production without acting as a direct fuel source or enzyme inhibitor. It essentially repairs the 'hardware' of the mitochondria to improve energy output and reduce oxidative waste.
Potential Research Fields
Mitochondrial DysfunctionHeart FailureSarcopeniaGlaucomaKidney Disease
Recent Research
Research in 2024 has solidified SS-31's reputation as a 'mitochondrial rejuvenator.' Unlike antioxidants that simply mop up damage, SS-31 prevents the damage from happening by stabilizing the inner mitochondrial membrane. Key studies published in Nature Scientific Reports (2024) highlighted its ability to restore 'cristae morphology'—the physical folds of the mitochondria—in heart failure models, literally reshaping the organelle to look younger. In aging research, it is proving vital for sarcopenia (muscle loss), showing that it can restore muscle quality and force generation in elderly subjects by re-energizing the dormant mitochondria within muscle fibers.
Bibliography / Scientific References
- [1]Elamipretide (SS-31) improves mitochondrial function in aging muscleAging Cell • 2024 - Demonstrated restoration of ATP production in aged skeletal muscle.
- [2]Mitochondrial protection in Traumatic Brain InjuryJ Neuroinflammation • 2019 - Reduced neuronal apoptosis and preserved cognitive function.
Related Peptides
Peptide Information Guide
Administration Type
Injectable (Subcutaneous)Injectable administration protocol for research.
Vial Strength
10mg50mg
Reconstitution
Reconstitute with 2ml (10mg vial) or 3ml (50mg vial) bacteriostatic water
Dosage Options
1 mg (20 units)
Mon-Fri
Protocol for 10mg vial (Low Concentration)
1.6 mg (10 units)
Mon-Fri
Protocol for 50mg vial (High Concentration)
Schedule
5 days/week
Timing: One specific day.
Duration
According to the Doctor
Potential Side Effects
Injection site reaction (mild)
lowcommon
Headache
lowoccasional
Research Use Only
This information is for research purposes only. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any peptide protocol. Individual responses may vary, and proper medical supervision is recommended for all peptide therapies.