LongevityCellular Health
MOTS-c
Mitochondrial-derived peptide for metabolism and cellular resilience
Overview
MOTS-c (Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA-c) is a unique 16-amino acid peptide encoded by mitochondrial DNA rather than the nucleus. It functions as a powerful metabolic regulator and 'exercise mimetic,' promoting glucose uptake, fat oxidation, and stress resistance. Research highlights its ability to reverse age-dependent insulin resistance and enhance physical performance.
Chemical Information
IUPAC Name
Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA-c
Sequence
Met-Arg-Trp-Gln-Glu-Met-Gly-Tyr-Ile-Phe-Pro-Tyr-Leu-Leu-Thr-Ala
Molecular Mass
2174.6 Da
Formula
C101H152N28O22S2
Mechanism of Action
Functions as a mitochondrial-encoded metabolic regulator. Uniquely, it is produced in the mitochondria but translocates to the nucleus upon metabolic stress. Its primary action is the activation of AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) via the folate cycle (inhibiting AICAR transformylase), which mimics the cellular effects of aerobic exercise. This triggers GLUT4 translocation to muscle cell membranes for glucose uptake and stimulates fatty acid oxidation. Furthermore, its nuclear translocation allows it to regulate adaptive gene expression, protecting cells from metabolic stress and senescence.
Potential Research Fields
Metabolic SyndromeType 2 DiabetesLongevityObesitySarcopenia
Recent Research
Research from 2024–2025 has firmly established MOTS-c as a 'mitochondrial hormone' with systemic effects. Studies published in *Frontiers in Physiology* (2025) and *iScience* (2024) confirm its ability to act as an exercise mimetic, specifically targeting skeletal muscle to prevent atrophy and improve glucose uptake (GLUT4) even in sedentary conditions. A key finding is its role in 'mitohormesis'—using mild mitochondrial stress signals to trigger broad cellular protection. It is showing particular promise in treating metabolic frailty in the elderly, where it appears to reverse age-related insulin resistance and enhance physical capacity by boosting mitochondrial fusion dynamics.
Bibliography / Scientific References
- [1]MOTS-c improves mitochondrial bioenergeticsFrontiers in Physiology • 2025 - Study on restoration of ATP production in diabetic tissues.
- [2]MOTS-c prevents muscle atrophyiScience • 2024 - Highlights glucose uptake via GLUT4 and mitochondrial fusion.
Related Peptides
Peptide Information Guide
Administration Type
Injectable (Subcutaneous)Injectable administration protocol for research.
Vial Strength
40mg
Reconstitution
Reconstitute with 2ml bacteriostatic water
Dosage Options
5 mg (25 units)
3x Week (M-W-F)
Protocol for 40mg vial reconstituted w/ 2ml water
Schedule
Mon-Wed-Fri
Timing: One specific day.
Duration
3 Months
Potential Side Effects
Injection site pain (sting)
moderatecommon
Temporary fatigue (metabolic shift)
lowoccasional
Research Use Only
This information is for research purposes only. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any peptide protocol. Individual responses may vary, and proper medical supervision is recommended for all peptide therapies.