LongevityCellular Health

NAD+

Core coenzyme for ATP, DNA repair, and Sirtuin activation

Overview

NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) is a vital coenzyme found in all living cells, essential for converting nutrients into cellular energy (ATP). It also serves as a critical substrate for Sirtuins (longevity proteins) and PARPs (DNA repair enzymes). NAD+ levels decline significantly with age, leading to metabolic dysfunction and reduced cellular resilience. Research explores its potential to restore youthful energy levels and DNA repair capacity.

Chemical Information

IUPAC Name

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide

Sequence

Coenzyme (Non-Peptide)

Molecular Mass

663.43 g/mol

Formula

C21H27N7O14P2

Mechanism of Action

Functions as the universal electron transporter (redox cofactor) and a consumed signaling substrate. 1. Redox Role: In the mitochondria, it accepts electrons (becoming NADH) to drive the Electron Transport Chain, producing ATP. Without it, cellular energy stops. 2. Enzymatic Substrate: It is *consumed* by Sirtuins (SIRT1-7) to regulate genes associated with aging, inflammation, and circadian rhythms. It is also consumed by PARPs to detect and repair DNA damage. Since these processes destroy NAD+, maintaining high levels is crucial for preventing 'metabolic aging' and ensuring the cell can repair itself against stress.

Potential Research Fields

LongevityMitochondrial DysfunctionAddiction RecoveryNeuroprotectionDNA Repair

Recent Research

Current research (2024–2025) has shifted from questioning *if* NAD+ declines with age to exploring *how* to best restore it. While precursors like NMN and NR are popular, direct NAD+ administration is being investigated for immediate bioavailability, particularly in 'high-demand' tissues like the brain and heart. 2024 studies in neurodegeneration suggest that maintaining NAD+ levels is critical for PARP1 activity—the enzyme that fixes DNA breaks. Without sufficient NAD+, accumulated DNA damage leads to cellular senescence. Furthermore, metabolic research links NAD+ levels directly to circadian rhythm regulation via SIRT1, explaining why supplementation often improves sleep quality and energy patterns in older adults.

Bibliography / Scientific References

[1]NAD+ metabolism and its therapeutic potential
Nature Metabolism • 2020 - Comprehensive review on NAD+ decline in aging.
[2]NAD+ repletion improves mitochondrial and stem cell function
Science • 2016 - Landmark study on lifespan extension in mice.

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Peptide Information Guide

Administration Type

Injectable (Subcutaneous/IV/IM)

Injectable administration protocol for research.

Vial Strength

1000mg

Reconstitution

Reconstitute with 5ml bacteriostatic water

Dosage Options

100 mg (50 units)

3x Week (M-W-F)'

Schedule

Mon-Wed-Fri

Timing: One specific day.

Duration

According to the Doctor

Potential Side Effects

Nausea/Stomach cramps

moderaterare (infusion rate dependent)

Flushing/Chest tightness

moderatecommon (rapid administration)

Research Use Only

This information is for research purposes only. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any peptide protocol. Individual responses may vary, and proper medical supervision is recommended for all peptide therapies.