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LongevityCellular Health

Glutathione (GSH)

Master antioxidant for redox balance, detox, and skin health

Overview

Glutathione (GSH) is a naturally occurring tripeptide (gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine) known as the body's 'master antioxidant.' It is central to neutralizing reactive oxygen species (ROS), regenerating other antioxidants like Vitamins C and E, and facilitating the detoxification of heavy metals and xenobiotics. Research supports its use for improving mitochondrial health, skin pigmentation, and insulin sensitivity in aging populations. Supplied as a high-potency 1500 mg lyophilized vial.

Chemical Information

IUPAC Name
Gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine
Sequence
Gamma-Glu-Cys-Gly
Molecular Mass
307.32 g/mol
Formula
C10H17N3O6S
Glutathione (GSH) Chemical Structure

Mechanism of Action

Functions as the primary intracellular redox buffer and Phase II detoxification agent. Mechanistically, the thiol (-SH) group of its cysteine residue acts as a 'sticky' trap for Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and heavy metals (like mercury and lead), neutralizing them via the enzyme Glutathione S-Transferase (GST) for excretion. Crucially, it maintains the GSH/GSSG ratio—the cell's primary indicator of health; a high ratio prevents apoptosis (cell death). New research (2023) identifies GSH as a critical mitochondrial iron chaperone, regulating iron-sulfur cluster synthesis to prevent iron from triggering toxic oxidative cascades inside the mitochondria.

Potential Research Fields

Oxidative StressDetoxificationSkin BrighteningMitochondrial HealthGlycemic Control

Recent Research

Current research (2024–2025) has moved beyond simple antioxidant theory to explore Glutathione's role in structural biology and metabolic aging. Clinical trials in older adults have demonstrated that boosting GSH levels does not just lower oxidative stress but actively improves insulin sensitivity and reduces HbA1c, linking redox balance directly to metabolic health. In dermatology, it remains a gold standard for 'systemic skin brightening,' with studies confirming its ability to shift pigment production from dark eumelanin to lighter pheomelanin. Additionally, a 2023 study from *Rockefeller University* revealed a novel function: GSH acts as a 'chaperone' for iron transport in mitochondria, a critical finding for preventing neurodegenerative diseases driven by iron toxicity.

Bibliography / Scientific References

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Peptide Information Guide
Administration Type
Injectable (Intramuscular/Subcutaneous)

Injectable administration protocol for research.

Vial Strength
1500mg
Reconstitution
Reconstitute with 5ml bacteriostatic water
Dosage Options
150 mg (50 units)
2x Week
Based on 1500mg/5ml concentration (300mg/ml)
Schedule
2 times per week
Timing: One specific day.
Duration
According to the Doctor
Potential Side Effects
Injection site pain
moderatecommon
Skin lightening (prolonged use)
cosmeticdose-dependent
Research Use Only

This information is for research purposes only. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any peptide protocol. Individual responses may vary, and proper medical supervision is recommended for all peptide therapies.